The Doctrine of Eminent Domain: A Critical Study of Public Purpose and Right to Private Property in the Context of Bangladesh
Keywords:
Eminent Domain, Public Purpose, Private Property, Land Acquisition, Development RightsAbstract
Eminent domain is the power of the state to acquire private property for the public use with just compensation paid to the owner following due process of law. This Article will analyze, in a critical manner, the rationale behind the power of eminent domain, its historical development, and its current relevance in order to maintain the balance between private property rights and the authority of the state. It emphasizes in curtailing the concept of private property rights and also deals with the expansion of public purpose. In last century, this development has brought ethical conflicts and legal battles. The research further examines the role of judicial supervision, the clash of constitutional rights and development necessities and the procedural protections made available to property owners. Another equitable model aligned with the principle of eminent domain is the recognition of the state's inherent right to expropriate private property for public interest and development objectives, as supported by international laws and practices. This paper critically examines the principle of eminent domain embedded in the constitution and other legal frameworks in Bangladesh, highlighting its inconsistencies, loopholes, and impacts on private property rights. It explores the balance (or imbalance) between development imperatives and property justice, drawing upon judicial decisions, international standards, and comparative practices.
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