Violence against Women with special reference to North East India
Keywords:
gender, equality, patriachical, rights, society, women, violence,Abstract
Women make up around half of the world's population, yet they have not always been treated similarly to males or given the same privileges in society. The disparity between men and women is primarily caused by gender differences, customs, traditions, social attitudes, etc. Women have always been viewed as the weaker or inferior segment of society in traditional
patriarchal societies. In today's society, everyone has an equal right to survive, to experience equality, to receive justice, and to live in peace. In addition, the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights recognised that women's and girls rights are an essential component of universal human rights. Inequality is the main problem facing feminism today. It aids in our analysis of
social reality. In the post-independence age, women enjoy a significant status in North-East India. Even in rural and metropolitan areas, there have been noticeable shifts in the position and status of women. In this essay, an effort has been made to look at the methods for creating a society that values equality between the sexes. An effort has been made in this essay to conceptualise certain gender-specific violations as violations of human rights in the context of north-eastern India. As old as patriarchy, violence against women also exists. The more the government discusses reforming the violence act, the more it affects women economic inclusion and societal contribution. One cannot create a secure zone unless they are genuine to themselves and observe others with their own eyes.
References
Blumberg, R.L. (2005) “Women’s Economic Empowerment as the Magic Potion of Development? Paper presented at the 100th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, Philadelphia
Shiv Kumar, A.K. (1996): “Gender Related Development Index: A Comparison for Indian States”, Economic and Political Weekly, April 16
fourth world conference on women in Beijing in September 1995
Dr. S Ram”Socio –Economic Problems Of Women”(2004) Delhi Publish
Ahuja Ram”Social Problems In India”(2007) Rawat Publications
Govt. of Assam (2003) Assam Human Development Report, Planning and Development Department, Dispur, Assam.
Govt. of Manipur (2011) State Human Development Report
Shukla Commission (1997) as issues facing the NER
Government of India (2008) Kurukshetra; A Journal on Rural Development, 56(3), January, Ministry of Rural Development.
Government of India (2002) National Human Development Report, 2001, Planning Commission, New Delhi
1995 World Women's Conference in Beijing
Bardhan, K. and S. Klasen (1999) “UNDP’s Gender related Indices: A Critical Review”, World Development, 27(6), 985-1010.
Report by The North East Network, 2004
R. Goswami, M.G. Sreekala : ‘Women in armed conflict situations in India: Baseline and M. Goswami, Report,’ North East Network, 2008 .
Asian Centre for Human Rights India Human Rights Report, New Delhi: Asian Centre or Human Rights, 2009
North East Network–Directorate of Social Welfare Convergence Meeting on Domestic Violence, Report. NEN, 2014.
Violence against Women in India: Review of Trends, Patterns and Responses. International Center for Research on Women (ICRW), 2004
A Study on Readiness of State Mechanism to Implement the Domestic Violence Act, 2005, Centre for Social Justice, Ahmedabad, 2008.
Arun Irengbam, ‘Between the Lines: Stereotypes and Prejudices’ Opinion-1, Article published in Manipur Update-January Issue (Volume I Issue II, January 2000)
e United Nations Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, its Causes and Consequences (1994–2009): A Critical Review. UN.
Menon-Sen, Kalyani and Shiva Kumar, A.K, 2001, Women in India How Free? How Equal? Report commissioned by the Office of the United Nations Resident Coordinator in India.
Huiye Lanpao (2010), of a total of 1511 cases taken against the army and the Assam Rifles in the last 20 year, 2.32 percent were ruled to be true
Ibid
Article 27 of the Fourth Geneva Convention 1949, provides for the protection of women’s ‘honour’. Further, as directed by HRC Resolution 14/12, 2010
Naorem Sanajaoba, Human Rights in armed conflict areas, Standard setting and binding obligations, Sangai Express, May 2006.
Manipur Women Guen Survivors Network & Control Arms Foundation of India, Spotlight on Women: Ending Violence Against Women in Armed Conflict Areas, 2023
The North East Network, Violence against Women in North East India: An Enquiry, A report submitted to the National Commission for Women, New Delhi, 2004, pp. 27, 28
Saheli Women’s Resource Centre (SWRC), Submission by Saheli Women’s Resource Centre for the Repeal of AFSPA, 14 January 2005
The National Alliance of Women (NAWO), Alternative NGO report on CEDAW, Initial Submission to the CEDAW Committee, India, January 2000, p. 73
3 South Asia Human Rights Documentation Centre, A Study in National Security tyranny, 1998,
Counter Violence Against Women in Assam A Resource Directory, 2002. Published by North East Network. Supported by UNIFEM
Ibid
Walter Fernandes & Sanjay Barbora, Ed. Changing Women’s Status in India: Focus on the North East. North East Social Research Centre, Guwahati, Assam, 2002
Ibid
Counter Violence Against Women in Assam A Resource Directory, 2002. Published by North East Network. Supported by UNIFEM
Ibid
Otojit Kshetrimayum, ‘Rethinking Women’s Power in Manipur, Article, 2023
From Mathura to Manorama: Resisting Violence against Women in India. Kalpana Kannabiran and Ritu Menon. Women Unlimited (An associate of Kali for Women), 2007
Sullivan, Oriel (2004) Changing Gender Practices within the Household: A Theoretical Perspective
Violence against Women in North East India: An Enquiry. National Commission For Women & North East Network, 2005.
Rout, H.S. and P.K. Panda (eds.) (2008) Gender and Development in India: Dimension and Strategies
Kishor, S. and K. Gupta (2004) “Women’s Empowerment in India and its States: Evidence from the NFHS”, Economic and Political Weekly, 39(7), 694-712
UNDP (1990-2010). Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Kabeer, N. (2005) “Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: A Critical Analysis of the Third Millennium Development Goal”, Gender and Development, 13(1), 13-24.
World Economic Forum (2005-2010) Global Gender Gap Report
Malhotra, A., S.R. Schuler and C. Boender (2002) “Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development”, World Bank
North East Network–Directorate of Social Welfare Convergence Meeting on Domestic Violence, Report. NEN, 2014