THE PROMOTION OF AGRO PASTORAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A FIGHT AGAINST EMIGRATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: WHAT FUTURE FOR CAMEROON?
Keywords:
Agro pastoral entrepreneurship/emigration/Sub-Saharan Africa/Cameroon.Abstract
Cameroon and sub-Saharan Africa as part of the African continent is young and resounding in search of new opportunities like agro pastoral entrepreneurship. Agriculture accounts for over 40% of Cameroon’s gross domestic products (GDP). Entrepreneurship is necessary in all economy because it provides enormous job opportunities, crucial for economic growth and development of a booming formal small and medium size enterprises and most especially, find pragmatic solutions to emigration problems. Agro pastoral entrepreneurship is a means to help small businesses to grow sustainably and maximise profits as every business aimed. Thus, this write-up is out to analyse the influence of agro pastoral entrepreneurship in Cameroon and how it can help in reducing emigration of Cameroonians. This paper is equally developed to examine the benefits of agro pastoral entrepreneurship and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa and Cameroon in particular.
References
1. Agriculture is the backbone of every economy, which employs more than 70% of the population. The main types of agricultural activities are crop production, livestock farming, forestry and fishery.
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7. This occurs in the English -speaking West of Cameroon.
8. AFP File supra note 6.
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14. Human right abuses like sexual abuses, right to life when killed and their body parts being cut off, liberty restrained, etc.
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21. This involves tilling of the soil to produce food and / or cash crops. Food crops involve tomatoes, yams, cassava, maize, rice, pineapple, plantain, vegetables (pepper,).
22. This is the rearing of animals like pigs, ship, goat, and modern or improved traditional poultry, small ruminants, or unconventional rearing, like rabbits, guinea pigs, which are reared using crude methods and mostly for household consumption in countries of Sub -Saharan Africa, precisely Cameroon.
23. This is the cultivation and the extraction of wood, timber, palm wine, and wildlife from forest estates.
24. This means the extrac tion of fish from the sea. Fishing could be industrial or artisanal.
25. That is inputs provision, product processing like pap, value enhancement and commercialisation, rural craft industry like tool and equipment manufacturing, water harnessing and energy eff iciency, building and public works for rural infrastructure, equipment tools, and infrastructure maintenance, counselling and support
26. Cameroon provides three (3) months and a week for incubation of youths.
27. In Bamenda for example, there are training centres for youth’s agro pastoral entrepreneurship in Santa, Nazareth Center and Fontah, and in Douala, there is a training centre in Nkongsamba.
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37. Ibid, at 21.
38. This involves th e cultivation of carrot, tomatoes etc. in Mbei village Santa by some beneficiaries of AEP-Youths, without the respect of environmental norms.
39. Rodrick Ndi: Lecture Course-Land Law and The Management of Agro Pastoral Conflicts, at Community Development and Specialisation Training School Santa (CDSTS Santa), (Unpublished), (2018), at 73-75.
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42. Article 5 of the Uniform Act on Commercial Companies a nd Economic Interest Groups, Official Bulletin: Organisation for the Harmonisation of Business Law in Africa, 2016.
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44. Rinyu Nahlela Talla: Business Plan on Brooding of day-old Broilers, 6 cycles per year for Commercialisation at Ngomgham, Bamenda II, Incubation Group Nazareth Centre-PRTC-COLTECH, Incu bation Structure, CDSTS Santa, (Unpublished), (2018), at 8.
45. International Labour Organisation, supra note 33, at 46.
46. Articles 293, 295, 298, 300, 301, 303, 304 of the OHADA Uniform Act on Commercial Companies and Economic Interest Groups (UACCEIG) that de als with the formation, functioning and dissolution of a sleeping partnership.
47. The state locus standi to investigate, and intervene, control and inspection, and appointment and revocation of its administrators especially directors is provided for by this law.
48. This Law introduced liberalisation in the sector as it allowed cooperatives and Common Initiative Groups to carry out their financial and administrative activities without the interference from the government.
49. This law makes taxonomy of cooperatives into two: simplified and cooperative with board of directors, with the latter most complex as oppose the formal as the name goes, is simple.
50. Donald L. Uchtmann & al: Agricultural Law Principles and Cases, McGraw -Hill Book Company, USA, (1981), at 540-543.
51. International Labour Organisation, supra note 33, at 46.
52. This is seen in article 6 of the Uniform Act on Cooperatives.
53. Nkom E.N., supra note 38, at 93-94.
54. Article 375 of the OHADA Uniform Act on Cooperatives Societies in Cameroon is telling.
55. International Labour Organisation, supra note 33, at 46.
56. The amount, time, and manner of the payment of patronage dividends are governed by both the bylaws of the cooperative and applicable statutes of the state in question.
57. Vukenkeng Andrew Wujung & Moti Wilson John, supra note 30, at 68-69.
58. Nkom E.N., supra note 38, at 95.
59. Ibid, at 96.
60. Vukenkeng Andrew Wujung & Moti Wilson John, supra note 30, at 69-71.
61. This is seen in sections 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the Sale of Goods Act 1973.
62. Interview carried out by the authors of this write up in Santa Mbei, on the reasons why despite the production of vegetables in Santa Mbei, its consumption is not international and most big hotels do imports vegetables. The observation of a farmer of veget able cultivation, Mr. Nkwambi Louis. The Promotion of Agro- Pastoral Entrepreneurship Ndi and Mengndze NJEL (2019) 1-12 © Law Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved Page 12
63. Rodrick Ndi: Business Plan on the Fattening of two months Piglets in two cycles per year for Commercialisation at Mbei Village, Santa Sub -Division, Incubation Group Nazareth Centre -PRTC- COLTECH, Incubation Structure, CD STS Santa, (Unpublished), (2018), at 6.
64. Nkom E.N., supra note 38, at 71.
65. FAO, supra note 39, at 75. Cite this Article Rodrick Ndi , Mbinkar Emmanuel Mengndze. The Promotion of Agro - Pastoral Entrepreneurship as a Fight Against Emigration in Sub-Saharan Africa: What future for Cameroon? . National 1–12p.
