Aviation and Climate Change: What can be learned from the EU Model?

Abstract

Aviation serves as a fundamental pillar of global mobility and economic advancement; however, it presents a considerable environmental dilemma primarily due to its reliance on fossil fuels and the escalating demand from passengers. This sector accounts for approximately 2-3% of worldwide CO₂ emissions and forecasts suggest a significant increase in these figures over the coming decades. Among various regions, the European Union (EU) has emerged as a leader in addressing these ecological challenges, employing regulatory frameworks, fostering technological innovation and promoting sustainability initiatives. By instituting the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) and investing in sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs), the EU has created a model that holds potential for global adaptation. This paper critically examines the EU's strategy for reducing aviation-related
emissions, assessing its achievements, obstacles and viability as a framework for other regions. Although the analysis juxtaposes EU policies with global initiatives and international efforts, it also uncovers essential gaps and contemplates the lessons that the world can glean from the EU’s trailblazing position on aviation and climate change. Ultimately, the analysis emphasizes that although the EU model provides important insights; addressing aviation's impact on climate change necessitates a coordinated global initiative. This effort must balance technological innovation with regulatory consistency; however, it also requires robust international collaboration. Because of these complexities, stakeholders must engage thoughtfully in order to foster effective solutions.