Self Determination and Individual Authonomy Verses State Interests –An Insight into The Comtemporary Developments
Keywords:
Article 21, Euthanasia, right to dignity.Abstract
“No life that breaths with human breath has ever truly longed for death” - Alfred Tennyson
This perception is not true always. Mere presence doesn’t imply existence. Sir Ernest Hemingway, in his book “The old man and the sea” elucidates the idea that man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated .Life sans dignity is unjustifiable; the life that meets death with dignity is an embracing one .This necessitates to make right to die sans pain, sans suffering ,sans indignity a fundamental right thus making it fall within the purview of article 21 .In this backdrop ,the terminally sick individuals deprived of their chance of recovery even through advanced medical treatment to normal life claims to take the issues in their bests interests. Thus Legalizing Euthanasia has been the center point of debate over the world. Despite the irrefutable fact that the prima facie obligation to safeguard the life of its citizens is thrusted on the sovereign yet not by subjugating the dignity of the individual. In recent time there was a paradigm shift of judiciary from state interest; social morality to individualism; self-determination by judicial activism , thus making passive euthanasia lawfully permissible where the prime interest of the dignity of individual is given due respect .
References
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 5 – No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
2. Pyali Chatterjee, Right to Life with Dignity also includes Right to Die with Dignity : Time To Amend Article 21 of Indian Constitution and Law of Euthanasia Right to Life with Dignity also includes Right to Die with Dignity : Time To Amend Article 21 of Indian Constitution and Law of Euthanasia , 1 , IJSRST,http://www.researchgate .net>publication.
3. Expression as used by Helen Silving, Euthanasia: A Study in Comparative Criminal Law, 103 U. PENN. L. REV. 350, 351 (2003).
4. Euthanasia | definition of euthanasia by Oxford dictionary, http://en. oxforddictionaries.com>eutha...
5. Greek Medicine –The Hippocratic Oath- National Library of Medicine, http://www.nlm.nih.gov>hmd>Greek….
6. A General History of Euthanasia | The Life Resources charitable trust – Life.org.nz, life.org.nz>euthanasia> abouteuthanasia>hi
7. Kusum R Gandhi, Euthanasia: A Brief History and Perspectives in India, IJERHS,https://www .researchgate.net/ publication / 320829903
8. suchita Srivastava v Chandigarh administration, AIR 2010 SC 235 IJHML (2019) 15-21 © Law Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved Page 21
9. Indian penal code ,1860; section 312-315
10. Legalizing euthanasia in India: A need for constitutional correction and legislative response, shodganga –inflibnet, shodganga.inflibnet.ac.in>bitstream.
11. Indian Penal Code ,1860, section 302
12. Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1982 SC 1325.
13. T. V. Vatheeswaran v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1981 SC 643,
14. Legalizing euthanasia in India: A need for constitutional correction and legislative response, shodganga – inflibnet ,shodganga.inflibnet.ac.in>bitstream
15. Constitution of India; article 14 - The state shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of law within the territory of India
16. V.N.Shukla’s, Constitution of India , eastern book company , 12th edition ,pg. 51
17. Legalizing euthanasia in India: A need for constitutional correction and legislative response , shodganga –inflibnet ,shodganga.inflibnet.ac.in>bitstream
18. Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala, (1986) 3 SCC 615
19. Sarya Pal Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh, AIR 1951 All. 674
20. Hathising Mfg. Co. v. Union of India, AIR 1960, SC 923
21. Constitution of India; article. 21, No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to the procedure established by law
22. Article 21 of the constitution of India – Right to life and personal liberty.
23. Maneka Gandhi v Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597
24. Sunil Batra v Delhi administration AIR 1986 SC 1579.
25. Bandhu Mukthi Morcha V union of India, AIR 1984 SC 1099.
26. Vis Major - Act of God
27. Legalizing euthanasia in India: A need for constitutional correction and legislative response, shodganga –inflibnet ,shodganga.inflibnet.ac.in>bitstream
28. People’s union for civil liberty v union of India, AIR 1982 SC 1473.
29. Justice K S Puttaswamy and ors v union of India, http://www.sci.gov.in> supremecourt
30. Ram Jethmalani v Union of India, (2011) 8 SCC 1
31. Gian kaur v State of Punjab, AIR 1996 SC 946
32. Humanization and Decriminalization of Attempt to Suicide, Law Commission of India, Report No 210, Oct 2008, Lawcommisssionofindia.nic.in>report210.
33. observations made by the then Chairman of the Law Commission in the forwarding letter dated 28 August 2006 addressed to the Hon’ble Minister, extracted from passive euthanasia – a relook, Law commission of India –report no 241, 2012, lawcommissionofindia.nic.in>report241 para 2.4.
34. Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh and others v. L.V.A. Dixitulu and ors (1979) 2 SCC 34
35. Saurabh Chaudri and ors v. Union of India and ors ,(2003) 11 SCC 146
36. Aruna Shanbaug V. Union of India, (2011) 4 SCC 454.
37. Passive euthanasia –Supreme court of http://www.sci.gov.in>supremecourt Cite this Article M.N. Kaushika . Self Determination and Individual Authonomy Verses State Interests—An Insight into The Comtemporary Developments . Indian 2019;2(1): 15–21p.
