National Journal of Cyber Security Law

Cyberbullying Among Teenagers: Legal Remedies and Social Consequences

Malobika Bose — 2026-05-25

The rapid spread of the Internet and digital technologies has spawned the ubiquitous phenomenon of cyberbullying, and teens make up a highly susceptible group of people. Teenagers as heavy users of social networking sites, instant messaging users, and online game set-ups are increasingly exposed to on-line interactions that have the potential of perpetrating harassment, threats and abuse. Considering the fact that cyberbullying does not adhere to the traditional patterns of bullying, it operates across the space and time lines, allowing sustained victimization, and, frequently, without the responsibility or anonymity. The paper is a critical analysis of the concept of cyberbullying among teenagers, its nature, core reasons and various forms. It also addresses substantial effects of the social, psychological, and educational impacts suffered by the victims such as emotional distress, poor academic achievement, and social isolation.

The paper also assesses the sufficiency of the current legal system in India, the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and the Protection of Children against Sexual Offences Act, 2012, to the subject of cyber bullying harms. It examines how the judiciary, the law enforcing agencies, the schools, parents, and the intermediaries involved in social media can and should prevent and deal with such behavior. The paper has taken a doctrinal and analysis approach as it points out the fractured and responsive character of existing legal responses, which are overly dependent on traditional penal provisions that are not well- equipped to deal with the technological challenges of cyber bullying. Even though cyberbullying is becoming recognized as a socio-legal problem, a number of gaps in literature have yet to be filled out, specifically in constitutional discourse, child-identity-driven models, and statistical evidence, and should be tackled in one large comprehension of rights.

Balancing National Security and Privacy in Surveillance Laws: A Critical Examination of Contemporary Legal Frameworks

Utkarsh Mishra — 2026-05-25

One of the most important legal and political issues of the 21st century is the conflict between national security and privacy. Democratic governments are expanding their surveillance capabilities to combat terrorism, cyberattacks, and foreign espionage. But they run the risk of going against the constitutional freedoms that give democracy its meaning. The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Section 702, which was reauthorized in 2024 by the Reforming Intelligence and Securing America Act (RISAA) and is set to expire in April 2026, is the focus of this study, which looks at how contemporary surveillance law navigates and frequently struggles with this fundamental conflict. This paper argues, based on statutory
analysis, judicial oversight mechanisms, comparative legal perspectives, and recent legislative history, that neither absolute privacy nor security can be achieved. What is achievable is a principled framework built on proportionality, judicial accountability, and transparent governance—one that refuses to treat security and liberty as mutually exclusive. In the paper's conclusion, a set of reform recommendations are made that have the potential to balance the effectiveness of intelligence with the protection of civil rights in a world that is being watched
more and more.

QUANTUM-RESISTANT INFRASTRUCTURE: LEGAL IMPERATIVES FOR POST- QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY UNDER INDIA'S CYBER LAW FRAMEWORK

ATCHAYA A — 2026-04-12

The progress in quantum computing technology creates a risk to India's digital security systems which depend on asymmetric cryptography because it enables attackers to collect encrypted Aadhaar and banking and critical infrastructure data for future decryption. The Information Technology Act, 2000 permits digital signature use under Section 5 but fails to require post-quantum cryptography (PQC) implementation which leaves systems exposed until NIST establishes quantum-resistant algorithm
standards. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 requires organizations to implement "reasonable security practices" but it does not provide protection against quantum threats which creates problems for evidence collection in Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2023 because quantum-vulnerable records that have been tampered with will not be admitted as evidence. This article investigates the statutory deficiencies which exist in IT Rules 2021 and CERT-In directives while showing how India approaches cybersecurity protection differently from the EU NIS2 and US Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act systems. The article proposes three legislative changes which include (i) PQC migration timelines for critical sectors; (ii) risk-based audits; and (iii) liability for non-compliance. India can establish itself as a leader in quantum-resilient cyber law by combining neuro-technology data protection which is susceptible to quantum decryption with existing space cybersecurity regulations. Cybercrime conviction rates will remain low because they stay below 10% while cyber threats continue to rise unless legislators implement new cybercrime laws. This research connects doctrinal examination with policy support to create a quantum-secure digital ecosystem for India.