Journal of Law of Torts and Consumer Protection Law

An Academic Survey of Tort Law and Liability

V. Basil Hans — 2026-03-29

Tort law is a key part of controlling civil wrongs since it sets the limits of legal behaviour and sets the rules for who is responsible for injury. This article looks at the basic ideas behind tort, law, and culpability, with a focus on how tort law balances people's rights with their duties to society. It looks at important parts of torts, like duty of care, breach, causation, and damages, and it also talks about the main types of torts, like negligence, intentional torts, and strict liability. The research also looks at the goals of tort law, which include compensation, deterrence, corrective justice, and risk allocation. It also looks at current problems including changing ideas about fault, rising liability standards, and the effects of changes in technology and society. By critically assessing judicial interpretations and legal doctrines, the article highlights the continuing relevance of tort law in promoting
accountability and justice within modern legal systems.

From Driver to Algorithm: Re-examining Tort Liability for Self- Driving Cars

Swarnima Gorani — 2026-03-30

The development and deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) present one of the most complex challenges for contemporary tort law. Traditional principles of negligence and product liability, designed around the paradigm of human-operated vehicles, are fundamentally disrupted when the driving function is transferred from a human operator to an algorithmic system. This article
critically re-examines the tort liability framework applicable to self-driving cars, evaluating the adequacy of existing legal doctrines in allocating responsibility for accidents involving autonomous vehicles. Through a comparative analysis of legal approaches in the United States, the European Union, and the United Kingdom, this paper explores the doctrinal challenges posed by AVs,
including the identification of the responsible party, the standard of care applicable to autonomous systems, the role of product liability in addressing design and software defects, and the potential for strict liability frameworks. The article further considers the implications of algorithmic decision- making for moral and legal accountability, including the ethical dilemmas embedded in AV programming and the challenges of proving causation in complex autonomous systems. The analysis concludes with recommendations for a reformed tort liability framework that ensures adequate compensation for victims, promotes safety innovation, and provides legal certainty for manufacturers, operators, and users of autonomous vehicles.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing the Justice Delivery System in India

Karanveer Singh — 2025-11-28

There are more than 5 crore cases pending in the Indian Judicial System, and this is certainly violative of the fundamental rights to timely justice under Article 21, as laid down in Anita Kushwaha v. Pushap Sudan (2016) 8 SCC 509. ADR methods have been used but are inadequate for such a crisis. The concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines”, which provides powerful tools for improving efficiency in the judiciary. As a doctrinal research study drawing on statutes, case laws, and secondary sources such as journals and reports, this paper investigates the uses of AI in legal research, case management, predictive analytics, document automation, and translation. Building on AI projects such as SUPACE and SUVAS, a roadmap is suggested for those responsible for deploying AI solutions, considering ethical issues of transparency,
bias, and security. It calls for strong regulation, uniform data, and training for judges in order to guarantee that AI makes justice more fair and accessible in India.

Law and Its Tenets: Fundamental Principles, Normative Frameworks, and Jurisprudential Consequences

V. Basil Hans — 2026-04-05

Law is a basic institution that sets norms and principles for how people should act, keeps order in society, and promotes justice. This article examines the fundamental principles of law, highlighting its function as a dynamic system influenced by ethical standards, societal requirements, and institutional power. It looks at important ideas including justice, equality, fairness, accountability, and the rule of law. It shows how these ideas work together to keep the law legitimate and the public's trust.

The debate further examines the relationship between natural law and positive law, showing how ethical principles and written laws work together to build legal systems. The article shows how important law is in both the past and present by talking about how it keeps order, settles disagreements, and protects rights. In the end, it says that the strength of any legal system comes from its ability to balance power with fairness, change with society, and defend the basic ideals that protect everyone's dignity and fairness.